Where can you turn if you need cash in an emergency? Some people turn to their 401(k) plans. After all, you’re borrowing your own money and paying it back to yourself with interest.
But, taking a loan from your 401(k) plan may put you at risk of not reaching your retirement goals. Before you take any money from your retirement account, take time to review its impact and the rules associated with 401(k) plan loans.
Benefits of Borrowing from Your 401(k)
If your plan permits loans (and not all plans do), you’ll generally be able to borrow up to half of your vested plan balance, capped at $50,000. Taking a loan from your plan may be easier and faster than getting a loan from a traditional financial institution. And you’ll usually repay the principal and interest to your plan account through automatic payroll deduction.
Disadvantages of Borrowing from Your 401(k)
The money you borrow will no longer be in your account benefiting from tax-deferred growth. And, if you have trouble contributing to your plan account while you’re making loan payments, you might end up with less saved for retirement than you need.
The really bad news? If you leave your employer for any reason, you’ll usually have to repay the entire loan balance within 90 days or it will be considered a taxable distribution, requiring you to pay income tax on the amount of the loan. Furthermore, you may potentially owe a 10% early withdrawal penalty on the amount in addition to taxes.
Hardship Withdrawals: A Last Resort
If you’re faced with a financial emergency and you’ve already borrowed all you can, you may be able to take a hardship withdrawal from your 401(k) plan account. You must have an immediate and heavy financial need, such as medical expenses that aren’t covered by insurance. You’ll owe income tax, and possibly, an early withdrawal penalty. Unlike with a plan loan, withdrawals cannot be repaid to the plan.
Having an emergency fund and financial plan in place can hep you avoid needing to consider taking a loan from your 401(k). Book a meeting with an Emerj360 financial professional if you have questions or if you’re ready to start creating a financial plan today.
